Greenhouse gas emissions

Working with ESG consultants, we measure our GHG emissions annually across scopes 1, 2 and 3 using GHG Protocol’s Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard and ISO 14064-1. We also calculate emissions from our palm-oil mills and associated estates using the RSPO PalmGHG Calculator and ISCC EU 205 framework. Measuring emissions across our operations and value chain enables us to identify our largest emission sources, including those related to land-use change and land management, and prioritise opportunities for emissions reduction.

In 2025, our total GHG emissions were 1.52 million tCO₂e, representing a 45% reduction from our 2021 baseline. Scope 3 emissions accounted for 88% of total emissions, reflecting the significant contribution of activities across our value chain, while operational emissions (scopes 1 and 2) represented the remaining 12%. Within our operations, emissions arise primarily from agricultural activities such as fertiliser application, palm oil mill effluent (POME) and land-use change. Scope 2 emissions remain low due to the limited reliance on purchased electricity, with most energy needs met through biomass-fuelled boilers and renewable electricity generated from our biogas facilities.

Our net-zero journey

We have established a phased net-zero transition plan to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, aligned with the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5°C. Further information on our strategy, targets and progress is available in the Group’s 2025 sustainability report.

Updated July 2026