Environmental indicators

Indicator Disclosure
Greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets
 The Group has set GHG emission reduction targets in line with the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) and reaching net zero by 2050. Our GHG reduction targets (all against 2021 baseline) are:

  • 53% reduction in FLAG (forest, land and agriculture) emissions per tonne CPO by 2030; and 72% reduction in absolute FLAG emissions by 2050.
  • 28% reduction in industrial scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions by 2030; and 90% reduction in industrial scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions by 2050.
Methane capture
 Five of the Group’s six palm-oil mills are equipped with methane capture facilities.
GHG accounting standards
 We use the GHG accounting tools and guidance of the GHG Protocol and the guidelines of ISO 14064-1 to calculate Group emissions, incorporating scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions. We also calculate GHG emissions from our palm-oil mills and associated estates using RSPO standard (PalmGHG calculator v4) and International Sustainability and Carbon Certification standard (ISCC EU 205 tool).
Scope 1 and 2 emissions
 The Group’s scope 1 and 2 emissions for 2025 were 181,100 tCO2e (including energy consumption by our offices, palm-oil estates and mills, emissions from POME, land-use change (LUC), and application of empty fruit bunches (“efb”) and fertiliser.
Scope 3 emissions
 The Group’s scope 3 emissions for 2025 were 1,338,800 tCO2e, representing 88% of total emissions. Our calculation of scope 3 emissions includes all applicable scope 3 categories (12 of the 15 GHG Protocol scope 3 categories are applicable to the business). Of our scope 3 emissions, 83% come from the further processing of the products that the Group sells (category 10).
Emissions from land-use change (LUC)
 The Group’s emissions from LUC have been calculated over the full average lifecycle of oil palm (25 years). The Group’s total LUC emissions in 2025 were 34,800 tCO2e (2021 baseline: 36,000 tCO2e).
Reduction in GHG emissions
 The Group has achieved a 45% reduction in absolute Group emissions (from 2.78 million tCO2e in 2021 to 1.52 million tCO2e in 2025). The reduction is attributed to a decrease in the volume of fresh fruit bunches (“ffb”) sent to external mills for processing and the Group’s continued work with customers and with its consultants to better understand the onward processing activities undertaken, and their related carbon costs. The Group’s emissions intensity (across scopes 1, 2 and 3) has reduced to 4.2 tCO2e per tonne of CPO (from 8.9 tCO2e in 2021) and 3.5 tCO2e per tonne of palm product (from 7.3 tCO2e per tonne of palm product in 2021).

All information is for year ended December 2025

Group GHG emissions
Units 2025 2024 2021 baseline
Scope 1 tCO2e 180,400 199,700 188,000
Gas, biogas and biomass tCO2e 10,200 15,300 9,950
Petrol, diesel, other fuels and refrigerants tCO2e 15,300 18,300 17,150
POME (including land application) tCO2e 48,700 67,700 72,750
Application of fertiliser tCO2e 68,200 60,500 49,950
Land use change tCO2e 34,800 34,900 36,000
Composting EFB tCO2e 3,200 3,000 1,700
Scope 2 tCO2e 700 700 400
Purchased electricity tCO2e 700 700 400
Scope 3 tCO2e 1,338,800 1,589,300 2,594,400
1. Purchased goods and services tCO2e 95,200 87,500 159,800
2. Capital goods tCO2e 600 500 2,500
3. Fuel-related emissions tCO2e 4,800 4,400 4,200
4. Upstream transportation and distribution tCO2e 5,500 14,900 7,900
5. Waste generated in operations tCO2e 14,000 5,700 1,500
6. Business travel tCO2e 1,300 1,500 1,000
7. Employee commuting tCO2e 6,500 6,300 4,100
8. Upstream leased assets tCO2e N/A N/A N/A
9. Downstream transportation and distribution tCO2e 13,200 12,400 28,000
10. Processing of sold products tCO2e 1,116,300 1,330,000 2,321,300
11. Use of sold products tCO2e 24,900 74,800 26,900
12. End-of-life treatment of sold products tCO2e 52,400 47,500 33,400
13. Downstream leased assets tCO2e N/A N/A N/A
14. Franchises tCO2e N/A N/A N/A
15. Investments tCO2e 4,100 3,800 3,800
Total emissions tCO2e 1,519,900 1,789,700 2,782,800

Scope 1, scope 2 and scope 3 emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O and hydrofluorocarbon emissions) are calculated using guidance of the GHG Protocol applying the operational control approach.

Further information:

Indicator Disclosure
Zero deforestation and no conversion of natural ecosystems
 The Group is committed to ensuring that the palm oil we produce does not cause or contribute to the conversion of forests or any other natural ecosystems (including peatland, riparian ecosystems, and wetlands). We adopt RSPO criteria, meaning that since 2005, oil palm is not grown on land with undisturbed forest or areas required to protect or enhance HCVs, and any new planting since November 2018 does not damage High Carbon Stock (HCS) forest, or peatland of any depth. The same criteria applies to our suppliers. Any deforestation or conversion of any other natural ecosystem after November 2018, in our own operations or in our supply chain, will be deemed as being non-compliant with our policy.
Biodiversity
 The Group commits to restore, maintain,and where possible, enhance biodiversity in the areas where it operates, including in areas of plantations and conservation areas. Where appropriate, we will contribute to protect biodiversity in the surrounding landscape and seek to engage in a landscape programme to support this effort.

The Group is committed to:

  • Monitor species diversity in our concessions and understand the impact of our operations on biodiversity.
  • Take measures to address drivers of biodiversity loss and enhance biodiversity within conservation set aside areas, in areas of our estates, and where appropriate beyond the boundaries of our concessions.
  • Restore 450 hectares of riparian ecosystem by 2030.
  • Prevent illegal hunting or collecting in plantations and conservation areas.
  • Manage pests, diseases, weeds and invasive non-native species using appropriate integrated pest management (“IPM”) techniques.
  • Effectively resolve any cases of human-wildlife conflicts.
  • Promote awareness of biodiversity and conservation issues among our employees, suppliers, contractors, and with the local communities that live around our concessions.
Conservation area
 The Group is committed to protect 8,800 hectares of concession area, including approximately 1,400 hectares outside the boundaries of Group concessions. These conservation areas include:

  • Areas of HCS forest that contain high concentrations of carbon in the vegetation and soils.
  • Riparian reserves to stabilise riverbanks and protect against chemical run off, and that serve as wildlife corridors, provide habitats for pollinators and pest-control agents, and are beneficial for both acquatic and terrestrial wildlife.
  • Biodiverse areas of forest that provide habitats for rare, threatened or endangered (“RTE”) species.
  • Areas that have social or cultural importance to the local communities.
IUCN Redlist species
 The Group engages with provincial universities or local consultants to survey the presence of rare, threatened, and endangered species (against widely used systems of classifications such as the IUCN Red List, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (“CITES”) Appendices and the national protected species lists).
Ecosystem restoration and rehabilitation
 The Group has a target to restore 450 hectares of riparian ecosystem by 2030.

All information is for year ended December 2025

Indicator Units 2025 2024
Conservation area Hectares 8,800 8,000
IUCN Red List Species by category
Least concern Number 359 257
Near threatened Number 36 26
Vulnerable Number 29 26
Endangered Number 10 13
Critically endangered Number 1 1

Further information:

Indicator Disclosure
Zero-burning policy
 The Group enforces a zero-burning policy. In all concessions, open burning, the use of fire for clearing land, and the use of fire for domestic waste disposal is prohibited. The same commitment is extended to our suppliers.
Fire preparedness, monitoring and response procedures
 The Group continues to invest in and maintain adequate firefighting capacity at locations that are at risk of fires. We operate a fire watch from watch towers on all our estates and promptly investigate hotspots that are identified within and around Group companies’ concessions by satellite monitoring systems. A report is made to the RSPO and, where evidence of fire is found, if appropriate, to the police.
Occurrence of hotspots and fires in and around concessions
 Satellite monitoring detected 14 hotspots in and around company boundaries in 2025. Ground verification confirmed one fire, outside of company boundaries.

All information is for year ended December 2025

Indicator Units 2025 2024
Hotspots detected inside concession boundaries Number 6 23
Hotspots detected outside concession boundaries Number 8 5
Fires occurring inside concession boundaries Number 0 3
Fires occurring outside concession boundaries Number 1 2

Further information:

Indicator Disclosure
No new planting on peat
 The Group adopts RSPO criteria meaning that since November 2018, we do not allow any new development on peat regardless of depth. The same commitment applies to our suppliers.
Management of cultivated peatland
 The Group acknowledges that there is a small proportion of its planted area developed on peat prior to the introduction of a no planting on peat policy. Where we have oil palm on peat, we use best management practices as per RSPO guidelines to manage and monitor water levels and measure soil subsidence. This commitment to best management practices for soils and peat also applies to our suppliers.
Fertiliser and composting
 Compost is produced from the organic waste from our mills and is applied to cultivated land to assist in improving soil quality, and consequential crop yields.
Integrated pest management
 The Group manages pests, diseases, weeds and invasive non-native species using appropriate IPM techniques, so that any use of pesticide is minimised or eliminated where possible. The Group prohibits the use of paraquat and we are reducing and phasing out the use of other pesticides in favour of safe and cost-effective alternatives. We ensure that our workers are sufficiently trained and equipped for the safe handling of pesticides and undergo regular medical check-ups.

All information is for year ended December 2025

Indicator Units 2025 2024
Compost application rate Tonnes per hectare 5.0 5.1
Fertiliser application rate Tonnes per hectare 0.9 0.8
Pesticide application rate Volume (litres or kilograms) per hectare 3.4 2.9
Area of oil palm on peat Hectares 4,637 4,637

Indicator Disclosure
Water use intensity
 The Group has achieved its target to reduce the Group’s annual water use for palm-oil processing to less than 1.1m3 per tonne of ffb processed by the end of 2025, from a 2021 baseline of 1.2m3 per tonne of ffb processed. At all palm-oil mills, water efficiency management plans, including recycling, are implemented.
Water quality
 The Group is committed to protect the water quality of water courses and natural water bodies in concession areas. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is utilised for composting, biogas production and land application. It is not discharged into rivers or water courses and is treated to reduce the biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand before being used for land application.
Riparian reserves
 The Group complies with applicable national regulations for riparian management and follows the RSPO Manual on Best Management Practices for the Management and Rehabilitation of Riparian Reserves. We are committed to ensure the existence of riparian reserves and promote the growth and conservation of natural vegetation alongside all water courses and water bodies in concession areas.

All information is for year ended December 2025

Indicator Units 2025 2024
Mill water use m3 per tonne ffb processed 1.1 1.1
Pollution complaints Number 0 0
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